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Chinese Physics C> 2016, Vol. 40> Issue(11) : 117004 DOI: 10.1088/1674-1137/40/11/117004

Simulation study on the emittance compensation of off-axis emitted beam in RF photoinjector

  • 1.

     NSRL, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, China

  • 2.

     ATAP, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California, 94720, USA

  • 3.

      ATAP, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California, 94720, USA

  • 4.

      NSRL, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, China

  • To make full use of the photocathode material and improve its quantum efficiency lifetime, it can be necessary to operate the laser away from the cathode center in photoinjectors. In RF guns, the off-axis emitted beam will see a time-dependent RF effect, which would generate a significant growth in transverse emittance. It has been demonstrated that such an emittance growth can be almost completely compensated by orienting the beam on a proper orbit in the downstream RF cavities along the injector [1]. In this paper we analyze in detail the simulation techniques used in reference [1] and the issues associated with them. The optimization of photoinjector systems involving off-axis beams is a challenging problem. To solve this problem, one needs advanced simulation tools including both genetic algorithms and an efficient algorithm for 3D space charge. In this paper, we report on simulation studies where the two codes ASTRA and IMPACT-T are used jointly to overcome these challenges, in order to optimize a system designed to compensate for the emittance growth in a beam emitted off axis.
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  • References

    [1] R. Huang et al, Off-axis Beam Dynamics in RF-Gun-based Electron Photoinjectors, Submitted to Phys. Rev. Accel. and Beams
    [2] B. McNeil and N. Thompson, Nature photonics, 4: 814(2010)
    [3] Q. K. Jia, Chinese physics C, 39(4): 48101(2015)
    [4] Haixiao Deng et al, Physical Review Letters, 113: 254802(2014)
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    [7] Wen-Xin Liu et al, Chinese physics B, 20(7): 074102(2011)
    [8] P. Musumeci et al, Applied Physics Letters, 97: 063502(2010)
    [9] J. Edgecumbe et al, Proc. SPIE (1992), 1655: 204
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    [12] D. Schlierkamp, Proc. of 5th ICGA Conf (1993), p. 648
    [13] K. Deb et al, Evolutionary Computation, 6:182(2002)
    [14] F. Sannibale et al, NAPAC, WEYA1(2013)
    [15] K. Baptiste et al, Nucl. Instrum. Methods A, 599: 1(2009)
    [16] J. Schmerge et al, Proc. 36th FEL Conf, THP042 (2014)
    [17] P. Loschialpo et al, Journal of Applied Physics, 57: 10(1985)
    [18] H. Qian et al, Proc. 5th IPAC Conf, THPRI066 (2014)
    [19] B. Aune et al, Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams, 3: 092001(2000)
    [20] C. Papadopoulos, D. Filippetto, R. Huang et al, Proc. 36th FEL Conf, THP057 (2014)
    [21] J. H. Li, J. Y. Tang, H. F. Ouyang, Chinese Physics C, 33(10): 905(2009)
    [22] J. Qiang et al, Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams, 9: 044204(2006)
    [23] H. Enge, Review of Scientific Instruments, 35: 278(1964)
    [24] B. Muratori, J. Jones, and A. Wolski, Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams, 18: 064001(2015)

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Rui-Xuan Huang, Chad Mitchell, Qi-Ka Jia, Christos Papadopoulos and Fernando Sannibale. Simulation study on the emittance compensation of off-axis emitted beam in RF photoinjector[J]. Chinese Physics C, 2016, 40(11): 117004. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/40/11/117004
Rui-Xuan Huang, Chad Mitchell, Qi-Ka Jia, Christos Papadopoulos and Fernando Sannibale. Simulation study on the emittance compensation of off-axis emitted beam in RF photoinjector[J]. Chinese Physics C, 2016, 40(11): 117004.  doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/40/11/117004 shu
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Received: 2016-04-05
Revised: 2016-05-10
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    Supported by National Nature Science Foundation of China (11375199), and Chinese Scholarship Council

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Simulation study on the emittance compensation of off-axis emitted beam in RF photoinjector

    Corresponding author: Rui-Xuan Huang,
    Corresponding author: Qi-Ka Jia,
  • 1. NSRL, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, China
  • 2. ATAP, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California, 94720, USA
  • 3.  ATAP, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California, 94720, USA
  • 4.  NSRL, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, China
  • Received Date: 2016-04-05
  • Accepted Date: 2016-05-10
  • Available Online: 2016-11-05
Fund Project:  Supported by National Nature Science Foundation of China (11375199), and Chinese Scholarship Council

Abstract: To make full use of the photocathode material and improve its quantum efficiency lifetime, it can be necessary to operate the laser away from the cathode center in photoinjectors. In RF guns, the off-axis emitted beam will see a time-dependent RF effect, which would generate a significant growth in transverse emittance. It has been demonstrated that such an emittance growth can be almost completely compensated by orienting the beam on a proper orbit in the downstream RF cavities along the injector [1]. In this paper we analyze in detail the simulation techniques used in reference [1] and the issues associated with them. The optimization of photoinjector systems involving off-axis beams is a challenging problem. To solve this problem, one needs advanced simulation tools including both genetic algorithms and an efficient algorithm for 3D space charge. In this paper, we report on simulation studies where the two codes ASTRA and IMPACT-T are used jointly to overcome these challenges, in order to optimize a system designed to compensate for the emittance growth in a beam emitted off axis.

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