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Chinese Physics C> 2013, Vol. 37> Issue(10) : 106102 DOI: 10.1088/1674-1137/37/10/106102

A fast improved fat tree encoder for wave union TDC in an FPGA

  • Up to now, the wave union method can achieve the best timing performance in FPGA-based TDC designs. However, it should be guaranteed in such a structure that the non-thermometer code to binary code (NTH2B) encoding process should be finished within just one system clock cycle. So the implementation of the NTH2B encoder is quite challenging considering the high speed requirement. Besides, the high resolution wave union TDC also demands that the encoder convert an ultra-wide input code to a binary code. We present a fast improved fat tree encoder (IFTE) to fulfill such requirements, in which bubble error suppression is also integrated. With this encoder scheme, a wave union TDC with 7.7 ps RMS and 3.8 ps effective bin size was implemented in an FPGA from Xilinx Virtex 5 family. An encoding time of 8.33 ns was achieved for a 276-bit non-thermometer code to a 9-bit binary code conversion. We conducted a series of tests on the oscillating period of the wave union launcher, as well as the overall performance of the TDC; test results indicate that the IFTE works well. In fact, in the implementation of this encoder, no manual routing or special constraints were required; therefore, this IFTE structure could also be further applied in other delay-chain-based FPGA TDCs.
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    [1] Akindinov A V, Alici A, Anselmo F et al. Nucl. Instrum. Methods A, 2004, 533(1-2): 178-182[2] Mota M, Christiansen J, Debieux S et al. IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, 2000. 9/155-9/159[3] LIU S, FENG C, AN Q et al. IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science, 2010, 57(2): 419-427[4] Christiansen J. IEEE Solid-State Circuits Magazine, 2012, 4(3): 55-59[5] Hervé C, Cerrai J, Le Car T. Nucl. Instrum. Methods A, 2012, 682: 16-25[6] WANG J, LIU S, SHEN Q et al. IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science, 2010, 57(2): 446-450[7] Amiri A M, Boukadoum M, Khouas A. IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, 2009, 58(3): 530-540[8] SONG J, AN Q, LIU S. IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science, 2006, 53(1): 236-241[9] Aloisio A, Branchini P, Giordano R et al. 16th IEEE-NPSS Real Time Conference, 2009. 283-286[10] WU J, SHI Z. IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, 2008. 3440-3446[11] WANG J, LIU S, ZHAO L et al. IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science, 2011, 58(4): 2011-2018[12] Vudadha C, Makkena G. 25th International Conference on VLSI Design, 2012. 280-285[13] Sall E, Vesterbacka M. 18th European Conference on Circuit Theory and Design, 2007. 240-243[14] CHUANG Y J, OU H H, LIU B D. IEEE VLSI-TSA International Symposium on VLSI Design, Automation and Test, 2005. 315-318[15] Lee D, Yoo J, Choi K et al. 45th Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems, 2002. II-87-II-90[16] Kale A V, Palsodkar P, Dakhole PK. International Conference on Communication Systems and Network Technologies, 2012. 543-546[17] Kaess F, Kanan R. IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, 1997. 5-8[18] Wallace C. IEEE Transactions on Electronic Computers, 1964. 14-17[19] Sall E, Vesterbacka M. IEEE Region 10 Conference TENCON, 2004. 250-253[20] WU J. IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science, 2010, 57(3): 1543-1548[21] LIU S, FENG C, YAN H et al. Nuclear Science and Techniques, 2010, 21: 49-53

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SHEN Qi, ZHAO Lei, LIU Shu-Bin, LIAO Sheng-Kai, QI Bin-Xiang, HU Xue-Ye, PENG Cheng-Zhi and AN Qi. A fast improved fat tree encoder for wave union TDC in an FPGA[J]. Chinese Physics C, 2013, 37(10): 106102. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/37/10/106102
SHEN Qi, ZHAO Lei, LIU Shu-Bin, LIAO Sheng-Kai, QI Bin-Xiang, HU Xue-Ye, PENG Cheng-Zhi and AN Qi. A fast improved fat tree encoder for wave union TDC in an FPGA[J]. Chinese Physics C, 2013, 37(10): 106102.  doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/37/10/106102 shu
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Received: 2012-12-28
Revised: 2013-03-17
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A fast improved fat tree encoder for wave union TDC in an FPGA

    Corresponding author: ZHAO Lei,
  • Received Date: 2012-12-28
  • Accepted Date: 2013-03-17
  • Available Online: 2013-10-05

Abstract: Up to now, the wave union method can achieve the best timing performance in FPGA-based TDC designs. However, it should be guaranteed in such a structure that the non-thermometer code to binary code (NTH2B) encoding process should be finished within just one system clock cycle. So the implementation of the NTH2B encoder is quite challenging considering the high speed requirement. Besides, the high resolution wave union TDC also demands that the encoder convert an ultra-wide input code to a binary code. We present a fast improved fat tree encoder (IFTE) to fulfill such requirements, in which bubble error suppression is also integrated. With this encoder scheme, a wave union TDC with 7.7 ps RMS and 3.8 ps effective bin size was implemented in an FPGA from Xilinx Virtex 5 family. An encoding time of 8.33 ns was achieved for a 276-bit non-thermometer code to a 9-bit binary code conversion. We conducted a series of tests on the oscillating period of the wave union launcher, as well as the overall performance of the TDC; test results indicate that the IFTE works well. In fact, in the implementation of this encoder, no manual routing or special constraints were required; therefore, this IFTE structure could also be further applied in other delay-chain-based FPGA TDCs.

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