-
Doubly heavy baryons consisting of two heavy quarks (b or c) and one light quark (u, d, or s) are expected within the quark model [1, 2]. In proton-proton (
pp ) collisions at the Large Hadron Collider, a possible model for production of these states is through gluon-gluon fusion,g+g→Q1¯Q1+Q2¯Q2 (Q denotes a heavy quark), a process that can be computed using perturbative quantum chromodynamics (QCD) [3–5]. The doubly heavy baryon is then formed via hadronisation where the two heavy quarks form a diquark which binds with a light quark. Other models exist, including production at the scale of the hard process, or production via non-perturbative effects such as colour reconnection. The measurement of the properties of these doubly heavy baryons provides insight into both their production mechanism and internal structure.The observation and properties of the doubly heavy
Ξ++cc (ccu ) baryon have been firmly established by the LHCb collaboration [6–10], while theΞ+cc (ccd ) andΩ+cc (ccs ) baryons have been searched for [11–13], and only hints of a signal were seen. The LHCb collaboration has also carried out searches for the neutral doubly heavy baryons,Ξ0bc(bcd) [14] andΩ0bc(bcd) [15], but these states are yet to be observed.To date, no search has been performed for the
Ξ+bc baryon, a bound state with quark contentbcu . This baryon is expected to have a mass in the range of 6700–7029 MeV/c2 [16–35], while its lifetime is predicted to be be-tween240 and607 fs [21, 31, 36–38]. TheΞ+bc production cross-section at a centre-of-mass energy of√s =13 TeV is predicted to be about 16 nb [39] in the fiducial regionpT>4GeV/c and1.9<η<4.9 , wherepT is the momentum component transverse to the beam direction and η is the pseudorapidity.This article presents the first search for the
Ξ+bc baryon through its decay via theJ/ψΞ+c channel, withJ/ψ→μ+μ− andΞ+c→pK−π+ final states, usingpp collision data collected by the LHCb experiment at centre-of-mass energies of 7, 8, and 13 TeV, corresponding to integrated luminosities of 1, 2, and 6 fb−1, respectively.The search for this decay is advantageous over the previous
Ξ0bc searches in several ways. First, theΞ+bc baryon is expected to have a larger lifetime than that of theΞ0bc baryon [21, 31, 36–38], which leads to a larger selection efficiency as the lifetime information is used to suppress background from primarypp interactions. Second, the mode studied here usesJ/ψ→μ+μ− decays, which typically have a selection efficiency three times larger than the fully hadronic modes used in the previousΞ0bc searches. Last, the modes used in theΞ0bc analyses involved suppressedb→u orb→s transitions, or W-exchange diagrams. Here the decay to theJ/ψΞ+c final state involves a colour-suppressedb→c transition, with a decay amplitude that is less likely to be suppressed, as shown in Fig. 1.To reduce systematic uncertainties, the
Ξ+bc production cross-section times theΞ+bc→J/ψΞ+c branching fraction is measured relative to that of the normalisation modeB+c→J/ψD+s withJ/ψ→μ+μ− andD+s→K+K−π+ decays. Specifically, the quantityR is defined asR=σ(Ξ+bc)×B(Ξ+bc→J/ψΞ+c)×B(Ξ+c→pK−π+)σ(B+c)×B(B+c→J/ψD+s)×B(D+s→K+K−π+),
(1) where
σ(Ξ+bc) andσ(B+c) are the production cross-sections ofΞ+bc andB+c hadrons, respectively, andB is the branching fraction of the corresponding decay. The ratioR is measured in the rapidity range2.0<y<4.5 and in thepT region from 0 to 20GeV/c . Measurements ofR are reported for the√s=8 and 13 TeV data sets collected in 2012 and 2016–2018, corresponding to integrated luminosities of 2 and 5.4 fb−1, respectively. The 2011 data sample taken with a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV is small, and it is not used in the production rate measurement.The ratio
R is evaluated asR=εnormεsigNsigNnorm≡αNsig,
(2) where
εsig andεnorm are the total efficiencies of theΞ+bc signal andB+c normalisation decay modes,Nsig andNnorm are the corresponding signal yields, and the derived quantity α is the single-event sensitivity.An estimate for
R can be obtained by assuming that the ratio of production cross-sectionsσ(Ξ+bc)/σ(B+c) is about 0.4 [39–41],B(Ξ+bc→J/ψΞ+c)∼1/3⋅B(B+c→J/ψD+s) due to colour suppression,B(Ξ+c→pK−π+)=(0.62±0.30) % [42, 43],B(D+s→K+K−π+)=(5.39±0.15) % [44], and assuming an efficiency ratioεsig/εnorm∼1 . With these inputs, the valueR∼0.015 is obtained. With 1100B+c→J/ψD+s candidates observed in the full data set collected by the LHCb experiment [45], approximately 15 reconstructedΞ+bc→J/ψΞ+c signal decays are expected in the LHCb detector acceptance. -
The invariant-mass distributions of selected
Ξ+bc andB+c candidates in the full data sample are shown in Figs. 2 and 3, respectively. To improve the mass resolution of theΞ+bc(B+c) candidates, theJ/ψΞ+c(J/ψD+s) invariant mass is calculated by constraining theJ/ψ andΞ+c(D+s) masses to their known values [44] and theΞ+bc(B+c) candidates to originate from their associated PV [64].Figure 2. (color online) Mass
m(J/ψΞ+c) distribution of selectedΞ+bc candidates for the full data set. The fit (blue solid line) with the largest local significance at the mass of 6571 MeV/c2 is superimposed.Figure 3. (color online) Mass
m(J/ψD+s) distribution of selectedB+c candidates for the full data set. The fit (blue solid line) is superimposed.The
Ξ+bc signal yield is determined from an unbinned maximum-likelihood fit to theJ/ψΞ+c mass distribution. The signal is described by a double-sided Crystal Ball (DSCB) function [65] comprising a Gaussian core with power-law tails on both sides, where the tail parameters depend on the mass resolution, while the combinatorial background is described by an exponential function. The dependence of the mass resolution on theΞ+bc mass is determined from simulation. The mass resolution varies from about 4 MeV/c2 at aΞ+bc mass of 6400 to 7 MeV/c2 at 7100 MeV/c2 . The mass region of interest from 6430 to 7120 MeV/c2 is scanned in 3 MeV/c2 steps, to search for any significant structures.The local significance of a signal peak is quantified with a p-value, which is calculated from the likelihood ratio between the background-plus-signal and the background-only hypotheses [66]. The local p-value is plotted in Fig. 4 as a function of
m(J/ψΞ+c) , showing a dip around 6571 MeV/c2 , which has the largest local significance, expressed in number of standard deviations (σ), corresponding to4.3σ . Another dip is seen around 6694 MeV/c2 , with a local significance of4.1σ . The fit results for the two mass peaks at 6571 and 6694 MeV/c2 are shown in Figs. 2 and 5, and the signal yield is75±19 and58±16 , respectively. The global significance is evaluated using pseudoexperiments, by taking into account the look-elsewhere effect [67] in the mass range from 6430 to 7120 MeV/c2 , and is estimated to be2.8σ and2.4σ for the two mass peaks at 6571 and 6694 MeV/c2 , respectively. As no excess above3σ is observed, upper limits on the production ratios are set for the data samples with centre-of-mass energies of√s=8 and 13 TeV.Figure 5. (color online) Mass
m(J/ψΞ+c) distribution of selectedΞ+bc candidates for the full data set. The fit (blue solid line) with the Second largest local significance at the mass of 6694MeV/c2 is superimposed.The
B+c signal yield is determined from an unbinned maximum-likelihood fit to them(J/ψD+s) distribution. TheB+c signal is described by a DSCB function with the tail parameters depending on the mass resolution [45], while the combinatorial background is described by an exponential function. The fit to the full data set is shown in Fig. 3. A total of706±38 B+c→J/ψD+s signal decays are selected. The signal yields used in the measurement ofR are summarised in Table 1.Datasample εnorm/εsig Nnorm α 2012 ( √s = 8 TeV)1.316 ± 0.013 75 ± 13 0.018 ± 0.003 2016 ( √s =13 TeV)1.207 ± 0.007 177 ± 20 0.0068 ± 0.0008 2017 ( √s =13 TeV)1.202 ± 0.006 193 ± 20 0.0062 ± 0.0006 2018 ( √s =13 TeV)1.222 ± 0.006 220 ± 21 0.0056 ± 0.0005 Table 1. Efficiency ratios
εnorm/εsig between the normalisation and signal modes, signal yields of the normalisation modeNnorm , and the single-event sensitivity α, for the default mass and lifetime of theΞ+bc baryon, 6900 MeV/c2 and 400 fs, respectively. Uncertainties are statistical only. -
The efficiency ratio between the
B+c andΞ+bc modes, defined asεnorm/εsig , is determined from simulation, along with corrections to account for small residual differences between data and simulation. The signal efficiency depends upon the assumed mass and lifetime of theΞ+bc baryon. Simulated events are generated with aΞ+bc mass of 6900 MeV/c2 and a lifetimeτ(Ξ+bc)=400 fs , labelled here as default. The tracking and PID efficiencies for both the signal and normalisation modes are corrected using calibration data samples [68–70]. The PID efficiency correction is applied by resampling the distributions of PID observables in simulation to match those in data for the variables used in the selection and in the BDT classifier before computing the efficiency. The efficiency ratio and the single-event sensitivity at the defaultΞ+bc mass and lifetime are summarised in Table 1 together with the signal yield of the normalisation mode, used in computing the single-event sensitivity.The efficiency ratio for other lifetime values are obtained by weighting the simulated events to reproduce lifetime hypotheses from 300 to 500
fs in50 fs steps. An event-by-event weight is calculated asw=(1/τ)⋅exp(−t/τ)(1/τ0)⋅exp(−t/τ0),
(3) where t is the
Ξ+bc decay time, τ is the new lifetime andτ0 is the default lifetime. The total efficiency is found to have a linear dependence on theΞ+bc lifetime. The value and uncertainty in the single-event sensitivity α are provided for each lifetime hypothesis and for each data-taking period (Table 2). The efficiency could also depend on theΞ+bc baryon mass hypothesis in the simulation, since it affects the kinematic distributions of the decay products. To assess this effect, large samples of simulated events are generated with alternative mass hypotheses in the range 6400–7050 MeV/c2 in 50 MeV/c2 steps. These samples are used to weight thepT distributions of the final-state particles in the fully simulatedΞ+bc decay to match those of the other mass hypotheses, and the efficiency is then recalculated. A very small dependence on theΞ+bc mass, a 0.4% relative variation of the signal efficiency due to this weighting, is observed and considered as a systematic uncertainty.Data sample 300 fs 350 fs 400 fs 450 fs 500 fs 2012 ( √s = 8 TeV)22 ± 4 20 ± 3 18 ± 3 16 ± 2 15 ± 2 2016 ( √s =13 TeV)8.4 ± 0.9 7.5 ± 0.8 6.8 ± 0.8 6.3 ± 0.7 5.9 ± 0.6 2017 ( √s =13 TeV)7.7 ± 0.7 6.8 ± 0.7 6.2 ± 0.6 5.7 ± 0.6 5.4 ± 0.5 2018 ( √s =13 TeV)6.9 ± 0.6 6.2 ± 0.6 5.6 ± 0.5 5.2 ± 0.5 4.9 ± 0.4 Table 2. Single-event sensitivity α in units of 10-3 for different lifetime hypotheses of the
Ξ+bc baryon for different data taking periods. Uncertainties are due to the limited size of the simulated samples and the statistical uncertainties in the measuredB+c yields. -
Systematic uncertainties affecting the measurement of
R arise from the PID efficiency corrections, the track reconstruction efficiency, the difference in theΞ+c→pK−π+ Dalitz distribution between data and simulation, the variation of the efficiency with respect to theΞ+bc mass, the mass resolution used in the fit to theΞ+bc mass spectrum, and the fit model assumed to evaluate the normalisation yield. The total systematic uncertainty is calculated as the quadratic sum of each individual uncertainty presented in Table 3, assuming no correlation between the contributions.Source R (%)PID 4.0 Tracking 0.8 Ξ+c→pK−π+ Dalitz distribution0.5 Ξ+bc mass0.4 Mass resolution 1.5 B+c signal shape0.2 Total systematic uncertainty 4.4 Table 3. Systematic uncertainties on the measurement of the production ratio,
R .The largest systematic uncertainty is due to the PID efficiency correction. There are several sources of systematic uncertainty associated to this correction, mainly due to the limited size of the calibration samples, the assumption of no correlations between PID variables of each final state particle, and limitations in the method used to correct the PID variables. The largest contribution to the PID efficiency correction arises from the comparison between the efficiency obtained with the PID variables resampled assuming no correlations between the PID variables for each final state particle, and an alternative correction method that takes into account such correlations. This alternative method requires corrections in a higher number of dimensions of phase space, and can suffer from statistical fluctuations due to limited size of the calibration samples. This comparison gives a 3.6% contribution to the PID efficiency correction uncertainty. Summing all the contributions in quadrature, the total systematic uncertainty associated to the PID efficiency correction is 4%.
Two sources contribute to the systematic uncertainty associated to the tracking efficiency. The first uncertainty is statistical, arising from the limited size of the samples used to derive the efficiency correction. The second is due to hadronic interactions with the detector material [68]. Considering that two out of the three final-state hadrons in the signal and the normalisation modes are common, the effect cancels out in the ratio except for the proton coming from the
Ξ+c decay and the positively charged kaon from theD+s decay. These two uncertainties are added in quadrature and the total systematic uncertainty due to the tracking efficiency is 0.8%.The uncertainty contribution due to the
Ξ+c→pK−π+ decay comes from an imperfect modelling of the Dalitz shape in the simulation. A new signal efficiency is obtained using a weighting technique to match the simulated Dalitz distribution with the one from data, and the resulting difference of 0.5% is taken as a systematic uncertainty.As described earlier, the
Ξ+bc selection efficiency is found to depend on theΞ+bc mass at a level of 0.4%, which is neglected in the efficiency ratio, and is taken as a systematic uncertainty. The uncertainty coming from possible variations of the mass resolution, used in them(J/ψΞ+c) fit, are obtained by varying the mass resolution by± 10%. The largest difference between the local significance from the p-value scan obtained with different mass resolutions, 1.5%, is taken as a systematic uncertainty. The signal yield of the normalisation mode is affected by the fit model. This is evaluated by considering a sum of two Gaussian functions with the same mean but different resolutions, rather than the default DSCB function. The difference between the two measured yields, 0.2%, is taken as a systematic uncertainty. The total systematic uncertainty on the measurement of the production ratioR is 4.4%.
Search for the doubly heavy baryon Ξ+bc decaying to J/ψΞ+c
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- E.B. Hansen 56, ,
- S. Hansmann-Menzemer 17,42, ,
- L. Hao 6, ,
- N. Harnew 57, ,
- T. Harrison 54, ,
- C. Hasse 42, ,
- M. Hatch 42, ,
- J. He 6,c, ,
- K. Heijhoff 32, ,
- K. Heinicke 15, ,
- R.D.L. Henderson 63,50, ,
- A.M. Hennequin 58, ,
- K. Hennessy 54, ,
- L. Henry 42, ,
- J. Heuel 14, ,
- A. Hicheur 2, ,
- D. Hill 43, ,
- M. Hilton 56, ,
- S.E. Hollitt 15, ,
- R. Hou 7, ,
- Y. Hou 8, ,
- J. Hu 17, ,
- J. Hu 66, ,
- W. Hu 5, ,
- X. Hu 3, ,
- W. Huang 6, ,
- X. Huang 67, ,
- W. Hulsbergen 32, ,
- R.J. Hunter 50, ,
- M. Hushchyn 38, ,
- D. Hutchcroft 54, ,
- P. Ibis 15, ,
- M. Idzik 34, ,
- D. Ilin 38, ,
- P. Ilten 59, ,
- A. Inglessi 38, ,
- A. Iniukhin 38, ,
- A. Ishteev 38, ,
- K. Ivshin 38, ,
- R. Jacobsson 42, ,
- H. Jage 14, ,
- S.J. Jaimes Elles 41, ,
- S. Jakobsen 42, ,
- E. Jans 32, ,
- B.K. Jashal 41, ,
- A. Jawahery 60, ,
- V. Jevtic 15, ,
- X. Jiang 4,6, ,
- M. John 57, ,
- D. Johnson 58, ,
- C.R. Jones 49, ,
- T.P. Jones 50, ,
- B. Jost 42, ,
- N. Jurik 42, ,
- S. Kandybei 45, ,
- Y. Kang 3, ,
- M. Karacson 42, ,
- D. Karpenkov 38, ,
- M. Karpov 38, ,
- J.W. Kautz 59, ,
- F. Keizer 42, ,
- D.M. Keller 62, ,
- M. Kenzie 50, ,
- T. Ketel 33, ,
- B. Khanji 15, ,
- A. Kharisova 38, ,
- S. Kholodenko 38, ,
- T. Kirn 14, ,
- V.S. Kirsebom 43, ,
- O. Kitouni 58, ,
- S. Klaver 33, ,
- N. Kleijne 29,q, ,
- K. Klimaszewski 36, ,
- M.R. Kmiec 36, ,
- S. Koliiev 46, ,
- A. Kondybayeva 38, ,
- A. Konoplyannikov 38, ,
- P. Kopciewicz 34, ,
- R. Kopecna 17, ,
- P. Koppenburg 32, ,
- M. Korolev 38, ,
- I. Kostiuk 32,46, ,
- O. Kot 46, ,
- S. Kotriakhova ,
- A. Kozachuk 38, ,
- P. Kravchenko 38, ,
- L. Kravchuk 38, ,
- R.D. Krawczyk 42, ,
- M. Kreps 50, ,
- S. Kretzschmar 14, ,
- P. Krokovny 38, ,
- W. Krupa 34, ,
- W. Krzemien 36, ,
- J. Kubat 17, ,
- W. Kucewicz 35,34, ,
- M. Kucharczyk 35, ,
- V. Kudryavtsev 38, ,
- G.J. Kunde 61, ,
- D. Lacarrere 42, ,
- G. Lafferty 56, ,
- A. Lai 27, ,
- A. Lampis 27,h, ,
- D. Lancierini 44, ,
- J.J. Lane 56, ,
- R. Lane 48, ,
- G. Lanfranchi 23, ,
- C. Langenbruch 14, ,
- J. Langer 15, ,
- O. Lantwin 38, ,
- T. Latham 50, ,
- F. Lazzari 29,u, ,
- M. Lazzaroni 25,l, ,
- R. Le Gac 10, ,
- S.H. Lee 76, ,
- R. Lefèvre 9, ,
- A. Leflat 38, ,
- S. Legotin 38, ,
- P. Lenisa i,21, ,
- O. Leroy 10, ,
- T. Lesiak 35, ,
- B. Leverington 17, ,
- H. Li 66, ,
- K. Li 7, ,
- P. Li 17, ,
- S. Li 7, ,
- Y. Li 4, ,
- Z. Li 62, ,
- X. Liang 62, ,
- C. Lin 6, ,
- T. Lin 51, ,
- R. Lindner 42, ,
- V. Lisovskyi 15, ,
- R. Litvinov 27,h, ,
- G. Liu 66, ,
- H. Liu 6, ,
- Q. Liu 6, ,
- S. Liu 4,6, ,
- A. Lobo Salvia 39, ,
- A. Loi 27, ,
- R. Lollini 71, ,
- J. Lomba Castro 40, ,
- I. Longstaff 53, ,
- J.H. Lopes 2, ,
- S. López Soliño 40, ,
- G.H. Lovell 49, ,
- Y. Lu 4,b, ,
- C. Lucarelli 22,j, ,
- D. Lucchesi 28,o, ,
- S. Luchuk 38, ,
- M. Lucio Martinez 32, ,
- V. Lukashenko 32,46, ,
- Y. Luo 3, ,
- A. Lupato 56, ,
- E. Luppi 21,i, ,
- A. Lusiani 29,q, ,
- K. Lynch 18, ,
- X.-R. Lyu 6, ,
- L. Ma 4, ,
- R. Ma 6, ,
- S. Maccolini 20, ,
- F. Machefert 11, ,
- F. Maciuc 37, ,
- V. Macko 43, ,
- P. Mackowiak 15, ,
- S. Maddrell-Mander 48, ,
- L.R. Madhan Mohan 48, ,
- A. Maevskiy 38, ,
- D. Maisuzenko 38, ,
- M.W. Majewski 34, ,
- J.J. Malczewski 35, ,
- S. Malde 57, ,
- B. Malecki 35, ,
- A. Malinin 38, ,
- T. Maltsev 38, ,
- H. Malygina 17, ,
- G. Manca 27,h, ,
- G. Mancinelli 10, ,
- D. Manuzzi 20, ,
- C.A. Manzari 44, ,
- D. Marangotto 25,l, ,
- J.F. Marchand 8, ,
- U. Marconi 20, ,
- S. Mariani 22,j, ,
- C. Marin Benito 39, ,
- M. Marinangeli 43, ,
- J. Marks 17, ,
- A.M. Marshall 48, ,
- P.J. Marshall 54, ,
- G. Martelli 71,p, ,
- G. Martellotti 30, ,
- L. Martinazzoli 42,m, ,
- M. Martinelli 26,m, ,
- D. Martinez Santos 40, ,
- F. Martinez Vidal 41, ,
- A. Massafferri 1, ,
- M. Materok 14, ,
- R. Matev 42, ,
- A. Mathad 44, ,
- V. Matiunin 38, ,
- C. Matteuzzi 26, ,
- K.R. Mattioli 76, ,
- A. Mauri 32, ,
- E. Maurice 12, ,
- J. Mauricio 39, ,
- M. Mazurek 42, ,
- M. McCann 55, ,
- L. Mcconnell 18, ,
- T.H. McGrath 56, ,
- N.T. McHugh 53, ,
- A. McNab 56, ,
- R. McNulty 18, ,
- J.V. Mead 54, ,
- B. Meadows 59, ,
- G. Meier 15, ,
- D. Melnychuk 36, ,
- S. Meloni 26,m, ,
- M. Merk 32,73, ,
- A. Merli 25,l, ,
- L. Meyer Garcia 2, ,
- M. Mikhasenko 69,d, ,
- D.A. Milanes 68, ,
- E. Millard 50, ,
- M. Milovanovic 42, ,
- M.-N. Minard 8, ,
- A. Minotti 26,m, ,
- S.E. Mitchell 52, ,
- B. Mitreska 56, ,
- D.S. Mitzel 15, ,
- A. Mödden 15, ,
- R.A. Mohammed 57, ,
- R.D. Moise 55, ,
- S. Mokhnenko 38, ,
- T. Mombächer 40, ,
- I.A. Monroy 68, ,
- S. Monteil 9, ,
- M. Morandin 28, ,
- G. Morello 23, ,
- M.J. Morello 29,q, ,
- J. Moron 34, ,
- A.B. Morris 69, ,
- A.G. Morris 50, ,
- R. Mountain 62, ,
- H. Mu 3, ,
- F. Muheim 52, ,
- M. Mulder 72, ,
- K. Müller 44, ,
- C.H. Murphy 57, ,
- D. Murray 56, ,
- R. Murta 55, ,
- P. Muzzetto 27,h, ,
- P. Naik 48, ,
- T. Nakada 43, ,
- R. Nandakumar 51, ,
- T. Nanut 42, ,
- I. Nasteva 2, ,
- M. Needham 52, ,
- N. Neri 25,l, ,
- S. Neubert 69, ,
- N. Neufeld 42, ,
- P. Neustroev 38, ,
- R. Newcombe 55, ,
- E.M. Niel 43, ,
- S. Nieswand 14, ,
- N. Nikitin 38, ,
- N.S. Nolte 58, ,
- C. Normand 8,h,27, ,
- C. Nunez 76, ,
- A. Oblakowska-Mucha 34, ,
- V. Obraztsov 38, ,
- T. Oeser 14, ,
- D.P. O'Hanlon 48, ,
- S. Okamura 21,i, ,
- R. Oldeman 27,h, ,
- F. Oliva 52, ,
- M.E. Olivares 62, ,
- C.J.G. Onderwater 72, ,
- R.H. O'Neil 52, ,
- J.M. Otalora Goicochea 2, ,
- T. Ovsiannikova 38, ,
- P. Owen 44, ,
- A. Oyanguren 41, ,
- O. Ozcelik 52, ,
- K.O. Padeken 69, ,
- B. Pagare 50, ,
- P.R. Pais 42, ,
- T. Pajero 57, ,
- A. Palano 19, ,
- M. Palutan 23, ,
- Y. Pan 56, ,
- G. Panshin 38, ,
- A. Papanestis 51, ,
- M. Pappagallo 19,f, ,
- L.L. Pappalardo 21,i, ,
- C. Pappenheimer 59, ,
- W. Parker 60, ,
- C. Parkes 56, ,
- B. Passalacqua 21,i, ,
- G. Passaleva 22, ,
- A. Pastore 19, ,
- M. Patel 55, ,
- C. Patrignani 20,g, ,
- C.J. Pawley 73, ,
- A. Pearce 42, ,
- A. Pellegrino 32, ,
- M. Pepe Altarelli 42, ,
- S. Perazzini 20, ,
- D. Pereima 38, ,
- A. Pereiro Castro 40, ,
- P. Perret 9, ,
- M. Petric 53, ,
- K. Petridis 48, ,
- A. Petrolini 24,k, ,
- A. Petrov 38, ,
- S. Petrucci 52, ,
- M. Petruzzo 25, ,
- H. Pham 62, ,
- A. Philippov 38, ,
- R. Piandani 6, ,
- L. Pica 29,q, ,
- M. Piccini 71, ,
- B. Pietrzyk 8, ,
- G. Pietrzyk 11, ,
- M. Pili 57, ,
- D. Pinci 30, ,
- F. Pisani 42, ,
- M. Pizzichemi 26,m,42, ,
- V. Placinta 37, ,
- J. Plews 47, ,
- M. Plo Casasus 40, ,
- F. Polci 13,42, ,
- M. Poli Lener 23, ,
- M. Poliakova 62, ,
- A. Poluektov 10, ,
- N. Polukhina 38, ,
- I. Polyakov 62, ,
- E. Polycarpo 2, ,
- S. Ponce 42, ,
- D. Popov 6,42, ,
- S. Popov 38, ,
- S. Poslavskii 38, ,
- K. Prasanth 35, ,
- L. Promberger 42, ,
- C. Prouve 40, ,
- V. Pugatch 46, ,
- V. Puill 11, ,
- G. Punzi 29,r, ,
- H.R. Qi 3, ,
- W. Qian 6, ,
- N. Qin 3, ,
- S. Qu 3, ,
- R. Quagliani 43, ,
- N.V. Raab 18, ,
- R.I. Rabadan Trejo 6, ,
- B. Rachwal 34, ,
- J.H. Rademacker 48, ,
- R. Rajagopalan 62, ,
- M. Rama 29, ,
- M. Ramos Pernas 50, ,
- M.S. Rangel 2, ,
- F. Ratnikov 38, ,
- G. Raven 33,42, ,
- M. Rebollo De Miguel 41, ,
- F. Redi 42, ,
- F. Reiss 56, ,
- C. Remon Alepuz 41, ,
- Z. Ren 3, ,
- V. Renaudin 57, ,
- P.K. Resmi 10, ,
- R. Ribatti 29,q, ,
- A.M. Ricci 27, ,
- S. Ricciardi 51, ,
- K. Rinnert 54, ,
- P. Robbe 11, ,
- G. Robertson 52, ,
- A.B. Rodrigues 43, ,
- E. Rodrigues 54, ,
- J.A. Rodriguez Lopez 68, ,
- E. Rodriguez Rodriguez 40, ,
- A. Rollings 57, ,
- P. Roloff 42, ,
- V. Romanovskiy 38, ,
- M. Romero Lamas 40, ,
- A. Romero Vidal 40, ,
- J.D. Roth 76, ,
- M. Rotondo 23, ,
- M.S. Rudolph 62, ,
- T. Ruf 42, ,
- R.A. Ruiz Fernandez 40, ,
- J. Ruiz Vidal 41, ,
- A. Ryzhikov 38, ,
- J. Ryzka 34, ,
- J.J. Saborido Silva 40, ,
- N. Sagidova 38, ,
- N. Sahoo 47, ,
- B. Saitta 27,h, ,
- M. Salomoni 42, ,
- C. Sanchez Gras 32, ,
- I. Sanderswood 41, ,
- R. Santacesaria 30, ,
- C. Santamarina Rios 40, ,
- M. Santimaria 23, ,
- E. Santovetti 31,t, ,
- D. Saranin 38, ,
- G. Sarpis 14, ,
- M. Sarpis 69, ,
- A. Sarti 30, ,
- C. Satriano 30,s, ,
- A. Satta 31, ,
- M. Saur 15, ,
- D. Savrina 38, ,
- H. Sazak 9, ,
- L.G. Scantlebury Smead 57, ,
- A. Scarabotto 13, ,
- S. Schael 14, ,
- S. Scherl 54, ,
- M. Schiller 53, ,
- H. Schindler 42, ,
- M. Schmelling 16, ,
- B. Schmidt 42, ,
- S. Schmitt 14, ,
- O. Schneider 43, ,
- A. Schopper 42, ,
- M. Schubiger 32, ,
- S. Schulte 43, ,
- M.H. Schune 11, ,
- R. Schwemmer 42, ,
- B. Sciascia 23,42, ,
- A. Sciuccati 42, ,
- S. Sellam 40, ,
- A. Semennikov 38, ,
- M. Senghi Soares 33, ,
- A. Sergi 24,k, ,
- N. Serra 44, ,
- L. Sestini 28, ,
- A. Seuthe 15, ,
- Y. Shang 5, ,
- D.M. Shangase 76, ,
- M. Shapkin 38, ,
- I. Shchemerov 38, ,
- L. Shchutska 43, ,
- T. Shears 54, ,
- L. Shekhtman 38, ,
- Z. Shen 5, ,
- S. Sheng 4,6, ,
- V. Shevchenko 38, ,
- E.B. Shields 26,m, ,
- Y. Shimizu 11, ,
- E. Shmanin 38, ,
- J.D. Shupperd 62, ,
- B.G. Siddi 21,i, ,
- R. Silva Coutinho 44, ,
- G. Simi 28, ,
- S. Simone 19,f, ,
- M. Singla 63, ,
- N. Skidmore 56, ,
- R. Skuza 17, ,
- T. Skwarnicki 62, ,
- M.W. Slater 47, ,
- I. Slazyk 21,i, ,
- J.C. Smallwood 57, ,
- J.G. Smeaton 49, ,
- E. Smith 44, ,
- M. Smith 55, ,
- A. Snoch 32, ,
- L. Soares Lavra 9, ,
- M.D. Sokoloff 59, ,
- F.J.P. Soler 53, ,
- A. Solomin 38,48, ,
- A. Solovev 38, ,
- I. Solovyev 38, ,
- F.L. Souza De Almeida 2, ,
- B. Souza De Paula 2, ,
- B. Spaan 15, ,
- E. Spadaro Norella 25,l, ,
- E. Spiridenkov 38, ,
- P. Spradlin 53, ,
- V. Sriskaran 42, ,
- F. Stagni 42, ,
- M. Stahl 59, ,
- S. Stahl 42, ,
- S. Stanislaus 57, ,
- O. Steinkamp 44, ,
- O. Stenyakin 38, ,
- H. Stevens 15, ,
- S. Stone 62, ,
- D. Strekalina 38, ,
- F. Suljik 57, ,
- J. Sun 27, ,
- L. Sun 67, ,
- Y. Sun 60, ,
- P. Svihra 56, ,
- P.N. Swallow 47, ,
- K. Swientek 34, ,
- A. Szabelski 36, ,
- T. Szumlak 34, ,
- M. Szymanski 42, ,
- S. Taneja 56, ,
- A.R. Tanner 48, ,
- M.D. Tat 57, ,
- A. Terentev 38, ,
- F. Teubert 42, ,
- E. Thomas 42, ,
- D.J.D. Thompson 47, ,
- K.A. Thomson 54, ,
- H. Tilquin 55, ,
- V. Tisserand 9, ,
- S. T'Jampens 8, ,
- M. Tobin 4, ,
- L. Tomassetti 21,i, ,
- G. Tonani 25,l, ,
- X. Tong 5, ,
- D. Torres Machado 1, ,
- D.Y. Tou 3, ,
- E. Trifonova 38, ,
- S.M. Trilov 48, ,
- C. Trippl 43, ,
- G. Tuci 6, ,
- A. Tully 43, ,
- N. Tuning 32,42, ,
- A. Ukleja 36, ,
- D.J. Unverzagt 17, ,
- E. Ursov 38, ,
- A. Usachov 32, ,
- A. Ustyuzhanin 38, ,
- U. Uwer 17, ,
- A. Vagner 38, ,
- V. Vagnoni 20, ,
- A. Valassi 42, ,
- G. Valenti 20, ,
- N. Valls Canudas 74, ,
- M. van Beuzekom 32, ,
- M. Van Dijk 43, ,
- H. Van Hecke 61, ,
- E. van Herwijnen 38, ,
- M. van Veghel 72, ,
- R. Vazquez Gomez 39, ,
- P. Vazquez Regueiro 40, ,
- C. Vázquez Sierra 42, ,
- S. Vecchi 21, ,
- J.J. Velthuis 48, ,
- M. Veltri 22,v, ,
- A. Venkateswaran 62, ,
- M. Veronesi 32, ,
- M. Vesterinen 50, ,
- D. Vieira 59, ,
- M. Vieites Diaz 43, ,
- X. Vilasis-Cardona 74, ,
- E. Vilella Figueras 54, ,
- A. Villa 20, ,
- P. Vincent 13, ,
- F.C. Volle 11, ,
- D. vom Bruch 10, ,
- A. Vorobyev 38, ,
- V. Vorobyev 38, ,
- N. Voropaev 38, ,
- K. Vos 73, ,
- R. Waldi 17, ,
- J. Walsh 29, ,
- C. Wang 17, ,
- J. Wang 5, ,
- J. Wang 4, ,
- J. Wang 3, ,
- J. Wang 67, ,
- M. Wang 5, ,
- R. Wang 48, ,
- Y. Wang 7, ,
- Z. Wang 44, ,
- Z. Wang 3, ,
- Z. Wang 6, ,
- J.A. Ward 50,63, ,
- N.K. Watson 47, ,
- D. Websdale 55, ,
- C. Weisser 58, ,
- B.D.C. Westhenry 48, ,
- D.J. White 56, ,
- M. Whitehead 53, ,
- A.R. Wiederhold 50, ,
- D. Wiedner 15, ,
- G. Wilkinson 57, ,
- M.K. Wilkinson 59, ,
- I. Williams 49, ,
- M. Williams 58, ,
- M.R.J. Williams 52, ,
- R. Williams 49, ,
- F.F. Wilson 51, ,
- W. Wislicki 36, ,
- M. Witek 35, ,
- L. Witola 17, ,
- C.P. Wong 61, ,
- G. Wormser 11, ,
- S.A. Wotton 49, ,
- H. Wu 62, ,
- K. Wyllie 42, ,
- Z. Xiang 6, ,
- D. Xiao 7, ,
- Y. Xie 7, ,
- A. Xu 5, ,
- J. Xu 6, ,
- L. Xu 3, ,
- M. Xu 50, ,
- Q. Xu 6, ,
- Z. Xu 9, ,
- Z. Xu 6, ,
- D. Yang 3, ,
- S. Yang 6, ,
- Y. Yang 6, ,
- Z. Yang 5, ,
- Z. Yang 60, ,
- L.E. Yeomans 54, ,
- H. Yin 7, ,
- J. Yu 65, ,
- X. Yuan 62, ,
- E. Zaffaroni 43, ,
- M. Zavertyaev 16, ,
- M. Zdybal 35, ,
- O. Zenaiev 42, ,
- M. Zeng 3, ,
- D. Zhang 7, ,
- L. Zhang 3, ,
- S. Zhang 65, ,
- S. Zhang 5, ,
- Y. Zhang 5, ,
- Y. Zhang 57, ,
- A. Zharkova 38, ,
- A. Zhelezov 17, ,
- Y. Zheng 6, ,
- T. Zhou 5, ,
- X. Zhou 6, ,
- Y. Zhou 6, ,
- V. Zhovkovska 11, ,
- X. Zhu 3, ,
- X. Zhu 7, ,
- Z. Zhu 6, ,
- V. Zhukov 14,38, ,
- Q. Zou 4,6, ,
- S. Zucchelli 20,g, ,
- D. Zuliani 28, ,
- G. Zunica 56, ,
- (LHCb Collaboration) ,
- 1. Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas (CBPF), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- 2. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- 3. Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- 4. Institute Of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Beijing, China
- 5. School of Physics State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- 6. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- 7. Institute of Particle Physics, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- 8. Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3-LAPP, Annecy, France
- 9. Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- 10. Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France
- 11. Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay, France
- 12. Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, CNRS/IN2P3, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Palaiseau, France
- 13. LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France
- 14. I. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- 15. Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
- 16. Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik (MPIK), Heidelberg, Germany
- 17. Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- 18. School of Physics, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- 19. INFN Sezione di Bari, Bari, Italy
- 20. INFN Sezione di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- 21. INFN Sezione di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- 22. INFN Sezione di Firenze, Firenze, Italy
- 23. INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
- 24. INFN Sezione di Genova, Genova, Italy
- 25. INFN Sezione di Milano, Milano, Italy
- 26. INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
- 27. INFN Sezione di Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
- 28. Università degli Studi di Padova, Università e INFN, Padova, Padova, Italy
- 29. INFN Sezione di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- 30. INFN Sezione di Roma La Sapienza, Roma, Italy
- 31. INFN Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, Roma, Italy
- 32. Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- 33. Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics and VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- 34. AGH - University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, Kraków, Poland
- 35. Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
- 36. National Center for Nuclear Research (NCBJ), Warsaw, Poland
- 37. Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
- 38. Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
- 39. ICCUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- 40. Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- 41. Instituto de Fisica Corpuscular, Centro Mixto Universidad de Valencia - CSIC, Valencia, Spain
- 42. European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
- 43. Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- 44. Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- 45. NSC Kharkiv Institute of Physics and Technology (NSC KIPT), Kharkiv, Ukraine
- 46. Institute for Nuclear Research of the National Academy of Sciences (KINR), Kyiv, Ukraine
- 47. University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- 48. H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- 49. Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- 50. Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
- 51. STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, United Kingdom
- 52. School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- 53. School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- 54. Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- 55. Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- 56. Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- 57. Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- 58. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
- 59. University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- 60. University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
- 61. Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM, United States
- 62. Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, United States
- 63. School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia, associated to 50
- 64. Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, associated to 2
- 65. Physics and Micro Electronic College, Hunan University, Changsha City, China, associated to 7
- 66. Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nuclear Science, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Quantum Matter, Institute of Quantum Matter, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China, associated to 3
- 67. School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China, associated to 3
- 68. Departamento de Fisica , Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogota, Colombia, associated to 13
- 69. Universität Bonn - Helmholtz-Institut für Strahlen und Kernphysik, Bonn, Germany, associated to 17
- 70. Eotvos Lorand University, Budapest, Hungary, associated to 42
- 71. INFN Sezione di Perugia, Perugia, Italy, associated to 21
- 72. Van Swinderen Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands, associated to 32
- 73. Universiteit Maastricht, Maastricht, Netherlands, associated to 32
- 74. DS4DS, La Salle, Universitat Ramon Llull, Barcelona, Spain, associated to 39
- 75. Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, associated to 53
- 76. University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States, associated to 62
- a. Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM), Uberaba-MG, Brazil
- b. Central South U., Changsha, China
- c. Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou, China
- d. Excellence Cluster ORIGINS, Munich, Germany
- e. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras, Tegucigalpa, Honduras
- f. Università di Bari, Bari, Italy
- g. Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- h. Università di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
- i. Università di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- j. Università di Firenze, Firenze, Italy
- k. Università di Genova, Genova, Italy
- l. Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
- m. Università di Milano Bicocca, Milano, Italy
- n. Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- o. Università di Padova, Padova, Italy
- p. Università di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
- q. Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy
- r. Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- s. Università della Basilicata, Potenza, Italy
- t. Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Roma, Italy
- u. Università di Siena, Siena, Italy
- v. Università di Urbino, Urbino, Italy
- Received Date: 2022-04-19
- Available Online: 2023-09-15
Abstract: A first search for the