Photonuclear reactions on stable isotopes of cadmium and tellurium at bremsstrahlung end-point energies of 10-23 MeV

[1]
A. Lepretre, H. Beil, R. Bergere, P. Carlos, A. De Miniac, A. Veyssiere, K. Kernbach, A study of the giant dipole resonance of vibrational nuclei in the 103 ≦ A ≦ 133 mass region, Nuclear Physics A, 219, 39-60 (1974). https://doi.org/10.1016/0375-9474(74)90081-5
[2]
S. A. Karamian, Z dependence of the (γ, α) reaction yield, Physics of Atomic Nuclei, 77, 1429 (2014). https://link.springer.com/article/10.1134/S1063778814110040
[3]
S. A. Karamian, J. J. Carroll, N. V. Aksenov et al. Production of isotopes and isomers with irradiation of Z = 47–50 targets by 23-MeV bremsstrahlung. Phys. Atom. Nuclei 78, 757–766 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1063778815060113
[4]
Belyshev, S. S. , Ishkhanov, B. S. , Orlin, V. N. et al. Photodisintegration of the isotope ¹¹⁶Cd. Phys. Atom. Nuclei 76, 931–936 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1134/S106377881308005X
[5]
Belyshev, S. S. , Ishkhanov, B. S. , Kuznetsov, A. A. et al. Photodisintegration of cadmium isotopes. Phys. Atom. Nuclei 77, 809–816 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1063778814060039
[6]
Belyshev, S. S. , Kuznetsov, A. A. , Stopani, K. A. et al. Photonuclear reactions on the cadmium isotopes ^{106, 108}Cd at the bremsstrahlung endpoint energy of 55.5 MeV. Phys. Atom. Nuclei 79, 641–647 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1063778816050057
[7]
Nadeem Muhammad, Rahman Md. Shakilur, Shahid Muhammad, Kim Guinyun, Naik Haladhara, Hien Nguyen Thi, Measurements of ^natCd(γ, x) reaction cross sections and isomer ratio of ^{115m, g}Cd with the bremsstrahlung end-point energies of 50 and 60 MeV. Chinese Physics C 45, 12, 124002 (2021) https://dx. doi.org/10.1088/1674-1137/ac256b
[8]
M. G. Davydov, V. G. Magera, A. V. Trukhov, E. M. Shomurodov, Isomeric ratios of the photonuclear reactions yields for γ-activation analysis, Atom. Energy, 58, 47 (1985).
[9]
A. D. Antonov, N. P. Balabanov, A. G. Belov, F. G. Kondev, G. Peres, A. P. Tonchev, Kh. G. Khristov, Isomeric ratios in the reaction (γ, n) for nuclei in the range A = 70 – 125, 91MINSK, 286, 1991.
[10]
A. G. Belov, Yu. P. Gangrsky, A. P. Tonchev, N. P. Balabanov, Excitation of isomeric 1h-11/2 states in the reactions (γ, n), Phys. Atom. Nucl. 59, 553 (1996).
[11]
Yu. P. Gangrskiy, P. Zuzaan, N. N. Kolesnikov, V. G. Lukashik, A. P. Tonchev, Isomeric ratios in crossing (n, γ) and (γ, n) reactions. Bull. Russ. Acad. Sci. Phys. 65, 121 (2001).
[12]
N. A. Demekhina, A. S. Danagulyan, G. S. Karapetyan, Analysis of isomeric ratios in (γ, n) and (γ, p) reactions around giant-resonance energies. Phys. Atom. Nuclei 65, 365–370 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1134/1.1451955
[13]
Thiep, T. D. , An, T. T. , Khai, N. T. et al. The isomeric ratios in some photonuclear reactions (γ, n), (γ, p), (γ, 2n), and (γ, np) induced by bremsstrahlungs with end-point energies in the Giant Dipole Resonance region. Phys. Part. Nuclei Lett. 6, 126–133 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1547477109020058
[14]
V. O. Zheltonozhsky, A. M. Savrasov, Investigation of the near-threshold (γ, n) reaction on the ¹¹⁶Cd and ¹²¹Sb nuclei, Bull. Russ. Acad. Sci. Phys. 74, 829–832 (2010). https://doi.org/10.3103/S1062873810060213
[15]
V. O. Zheltonozhsky, V. M. Mazur, D. M. Symochko, Z. M. Bigan, T. V. Poltorzhytska, Investigation of the isomeric states excitation processes for ¹¹¹Cd and ¹¹⁵Cd isotopes in (γ, n) reaction at the γ-quantum energies in giant dipole resonance region, UJP, 56, 443 (2011).
[16]
Leprêtre A. , Beil H. , Bergére R. , Carlos P. , Fagot J. , De Miniac A. , Veyssiére A. , Miyase H. , A study of the giant dipole resonance in doubly even tellurium and cerium isotopes, Nuclear Physics A, 258, 350-364 (1976). https://doi.org/10.1016/0375-9474(76)90011-7.
[17]
Palvanov S. R., Razhabov O., Isomeric yield ratios of photonuclear reactions at Eg-max 25 and 30 MeV, Atomic Energy, 87, 75 (1999).
[18]
Poltorzhytska T. V., Pitchenko G. F., Energy dependence of isomeric yields ratios for the ¹²⁴Te(g, n)^{123m, g}Te reaction in the 10-20 MeV region, UZHV, 29, 162 (2011).
[19]
Thiep, T. D. , An, T. T. , Cuong, P. V. et al. The isomeric ratios in photonuclear reactions of natural tellurium induced by bremsstrahlungs with endpoint energies in the giant dipole resonance region, Radioanal Nucl Chem 289, 637–645 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10967-011-1137-4
[20]
Mazur V. M., Bigan Z. M., Symochko D. M., Poltorzhytska T. V., Cross-sections of isomeric state excitation of the ¹¹⁹Te and ¹²¹Te nuclei in (g, n) reactions in an energy range of 9-20 MeV, PPN/L, 9, 248 (2012).
[21]
Mazur V. M., Symochko D. M., Bigan Z. M., Poltorzhytska T. V., Excitation of the ^119mTe, ^121mTe, ^123mTe, ^127mTe, and ^129mTe isomers in (γ, n) reactions from 10 to 22 MeV, Phy. Rev. C, 87, 044604 (2013).
[22]
V. M. Mazur, Z. M. Bigan, P. S. Derechkey, V. A. Zheltonozhsky, A. M. Savrasov, Study of the cross sections for (γ, n) –reactions on p-nuclei ¹²⁰Te, ¹³⁶Ce in the giant E1-resonance energy region, YFE, 20, 228 (2019).
[23]
H. Morinaga, Effects of Isotopic Spin Selection Rules on Photonuclear Yields, Phys. Rev. 97, 444 (1955).
[24]
A. Koning, S. Hilaire, S. Goriely. TALYS-2.0: A Nuclear Reaction Program, User Manual, 2025. https://nds.iaea.org/talys/tutorials/talys.pdf
[25]
B. S. Ishkhanov, V. N. Orlin, Modified version of the combined model of photonucleon reactions, Physics of Atomic Nuclei, 78, 557-573 (2015). https://link.springer.com/article/10.1134/S1063778815040067
[26]
T. A. Aweda, O. Ikotun, T. Mastren , C. L. Cannon, B. Wright, W. J. Youngs, C. Cutler, J. Guthrie, S. E. Lapi, The use of ¹¹¹Ag as a tool for studying biological distribution of silver-based antimicrobials, Medicinal Chemistry Communication, 4 (6), 1015-1017 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1039/C3MD00082F
[27]
M. Prata, D. Alloni, P. De Felice, M. Palomba, A. Pietropaolo, M. Pillon, L. Quintieri, A. Santagata, P. Valente, Italian neutron sources, Eur. Phys. J. Plus, 129, 1-15 (2014), https://doi.org/10.1140/epjp/i2014-14255-3
[28]
M. Ballan, M. Tosato, M. Verona, et. al. Preliminary evaluation of the production of non-carrier added ¹¹¹Ag as core of a therapeutic radiopharmaceutical in the framework of ISOLPHARM_Ag experiment, Applied Radiation and Isotopes, 164, 109258 (2020).
[29]
L. Morselli, A. Donzella, A. Arzenton, et. al. Production and characterization of ¹¹¹Ag radioisotope for medical use in a TRIGA Mark II nuclear research reactor, Applied Radiation and Isotopes, 197, 110798 (2023).
[30]
O. D. Maslov, S. N. Dmitriev, Use of MT-25 microtron for scientific and applied investigations, https://inis.iaea.org/collection/NCLCollectionStore/_Public/35/022/35022466.pdf
[31]
S. S. Belyshev, A. N. Ermakov, B. S. Ishkhanov et al., Studying photonuclear reactions using the activation technique, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., Sect. A, 745, 133 (2014).
[32]
Fultz, S. C. , Bramblett, R. L. , Caldwell, J. T. , and Harvey, R. R. , Phys. Rev. , Photoneutron Cross Sections for Natural Cu, ⁶³Cu and ⁶⁵Cu, 133, B1149 (1964). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.133.B1149
[33]
V. V. Varlamov, A. I. Davydov, M. A. Makarov, V. N. Orlin, N. N. Peskov, Reliability of the data on the cross sections of the partial photoneutron reaction for ^{63, 65}Cu and ⁸⁰Se nuclei, Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Sciences: Physics, 80, 317-324 (2016). https://link.springer.com/article/10.3103/S1062873816030333
[34]
S. Agostinelli, J. Allison, K. Amako and et al. , Geant4 – a simulation toolkit, Nucl. Instr. Meth. Phys. Res. A. 506, 250 (2003). https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168900203013688?via%3Dihub
[35]
B. S. Ishkhanov, A. A. Kuznetsov. The mass distribution of 238U photofission fragments, Moscow Univ. Phys. Bull. , 68, 279 (2013).
[36]
S. S. Belyshev, K. A. Stopani, S. Yu. Troschiev, A. S. Kurilik, A. A. Kuznetsov, Measuring nuclear reaction yields in a procedure based on decay chain analysis, Moscow Univ. Phys. Bull. , 66, 363 (2011).
[37]
J. Frana. Program DEIMOS32 for γ-ray spectra evaluation. Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry 257 (3) (2003) 583-587. http://dx. doi.org/10.1023/A:1025448800782
[38]
Nudat 3.0, National Nuclear Data Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory, available from http://www.nndc.bnl.gov/nudat3/
[39]
M. J. Berger, S. M. Seltzer, Bremsstrahlung and Photoneutrons from Thick Tungsten and Tantalum Targets, Phys. Rev. C, 2, 621 (1970). https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0168583X85907074
[40]
A. J. Koning, J. P. Delaroche, Local and global nucleon optical models from 1 keV to 200 MeV, Nuclear Physics A, 713, 231-310 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0375-9474(02)01321-0.
[41]
F. A. Rasulova et. al. , Photonuclear reactions on stable isotopes of selenium at bremsstrahlung end-point energies of 10−23 MeV, Chinese Physics C, 2024, 48, 024002. https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1674-1137/ad11e4
[42]
D. Brajnik et. al. , Photonuclear reactions in ⁹⁰Zr, Physical Review C, 1976, 13, 1852. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.13.1852
[43]
A. Lepretre et. al. , The giant dipole states in the A = 90 mass region, Nuclear Physics A, 1971, 175, 609. https://doi.org/10.1016/0375-9474(71)90454-4
[44]
E. Van Camp et. al. , Isospin splitting of the giant dipole resonance in ⁸⁹Y, 1984, Physical Review C, 30, 1182. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.30.1182
[45]
B. S. Ishkhanov et. al. , Cross section of the ¹⁰³Rh(γ, p) reaction, ZET, 1963, 45, 38. http://www.jetp.ras.ru/cgi-bin/dn/e_018_01_0029.pdf
[46]
Yu. I. Sorokin, V. A. Khrushchev, B. A. Yuryev, (γ, p) reaction on isotopes ¹¹²Sn and ¹²⁴Sn, Yadernaya fizika, 1971, 14, 1118.
[47]
V. V. Varlamov et. al. , Analysis and evaluation of cross sections of partial photoneutron reactions for Sn isotopes, Bull. Acad. Sci. , 2010, 74, 833. https://link.springer.com/article/10.3103/S1062873810060225
[48]
F. Dreyer, H. Dahmen, J. Staube, H. H. Thies, Photonuclear quadrupole resonance in ¹⁶⁰Gd, Nuclear Physics A, 1972, 192, 433. https://doi.org/10.1016/0375-9474(72)90271-0
[49]
B. S. Ishkhanov and I. M. Kapitonov, Giant dipole resonance in atomic nuclei: history of the prediction, discovery and exploration of the unique phenomenon. 75 years of the research, LENAND, Moscow (2021).
[50]
R. O. Akyuz and S. Fallieros, Energy Displacement of Dipole Isodoublets, Phys. Rev. Lett. , 27, 1016 (1971).
[51]
B. Goulard and S. Fallieros, Transition densities of dipole excitations in nuclei with N>Z, Can. J. Phys. , 45, 3221 (1967).